The Country & People of Egypt

This page contains links to sites in Egypt and Egypt related sites.
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Ancient Egypt
Egyptian civilization, one of the world's oldest, developed in the valley of the Nile over 5,000 years ago. The rival kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united as a centralized state 3200 BC; by a king named Menes, who Established his capital at Memphis. A high culture developed Early, and the use of writing was introduced. During the Old Kingdom (3110–2258 BC;) Egyptian culture and commerce flourished, and the great pyramids were built. Its fall introduced a period of anarchy, which Ended 2000 BC; with the Establishment of the Middle Kingdom, with its capital at Thebes. Civilization again flourished until in 1786 BC; weak rulers allowed the country to pass under the rule of foreign nomads, known as the Hyksos. The Hyksos were Expelled 1570 BC;, and the New Kingdom was Established. During the XVIII dynasty (1570–1342 BC;) ancient Egyptian civilization reached its zenith; a vast Empire was Established and Thebes and Memphis became the political, commercial, and cultural centers of the world. After the XX dynasty (1200–1085 BC;) Egypt came increasingly under foreign domination, with periods of rule by Libya, Sudan, Assyria, Nubia, and Persia. Following a brief reestablishment of native power in 405 BC;, Egypt fell without a struggle to Alexander the Great in 332 BC; After Alexander's death (323 BC;) Egypt was inherited by his general, Ptolemy, who founded the dynasty of Ptolemies and under whom the new city of Alexandria became the intellectual and religious center of the Hellenistic world. The Ptolemies maintained a formidable Empire for more than two centuries until, weakened by internal dynastic disputes, Egypt fell to Rome in 30 BC; Christianity was readily accepted in Egypt, which became part of the Byzantine Empire about AD; 395. With the Arab conquest (639–42) Egypt became an integral part of the Muslim world.

Modern Egypt
After 500 years as part of the caliphate, Egypt was seized by the Mamluks in 1250 and the Ottoman Turks in 1517. The first close contact with the West occurred in 1798, when French forces under Napoleon occupied the country; they were Expelled in 1801 by combined Ottoman and British troops. In 1805 Muhammad Ali, a common soldier, was appointed pasha of Egypt; under his rule the foundations of the modern state of Egypt were Established. The construction of the Suez Canal (1859–69) put Egypt deeply into debt, and, although nominally still part of the Ottoman Empire, the country was forced to appoint a French-British commission to manage its financial affairs. The British consolidated their control between 1883 and 1907, and during World War I, when Turkey joined the Central Powers, Great Britain declared Egypt a British protectorate, which Effectively persisted for some years after independence in 1923.

Independent Egypt
Egypt bitterly opposed the UN partition of Palestine in 1948 and played an important role in the Arab-Israeli Wars that followed.

In 1952 the Egyptian army deposed King Farouk in a coup; a republic was established in 1953, and Col. Gamal Abdel Nasser became president (1954).

For a brief period Egypt and Syria merged (1958) in the United Arab Republic, then were joined by Yemen in the United Arab States; the union was dissolved in 1961. Inaugurating a program of economic and social reform, modernization of the army, and construction of the Aswan High Dam, Nasser, with the aid of the USSR, strove to make Egypt the undisputed leader of the Arab world. His rallying cry was denunciation of Israel; in 1967 Egypt lost much territory in the Six-Day War, which also shattered its economy and armed forces.

Nasser died in 1970 and was succeeded by Anwar al-Sadat, who regained some of Egypt's lost territory in the Yom Kippur War (1973) and reversed a 20-year trend by ending Soviet influence and seeking closer ties with the West.

In 1977 Sadat angered his Arab allies by traveling to Jerusalem as a conciliatory gesture to Israel; the two nations signed a peace treaty in 1979.

In 1981 Sadat was assassinated by Muslim fundamentalists, and Hosni Mubarak, who pledged to continue Sadat's policies, became president. The Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai and its return to Egypt, which began in 1979, was completed in 1982.

Egypt provided troops for the U.S.-led coalition in the Persian Gulf War (1991). In the late 1980s and the 1990s Muslim fundamentalists increasingly opposed the government, and some 1,200 people were killed by militants between 1992 and 1997.

In 1999, Mubarak was returned to office for a fourth six-year term. Poverty is the nation’s most pressing problem, but the government has failed to undertake significant economic reforms; social inequities have heightened societal tensions, and authoritarian rule has fostered corruption.

Islamic militancy and terrorism, most dramatically demonstrated in recent years by the Oct., 2004, July, 2005, and Apr., 2006, bombings of several Sinai resorts, also remain challenges to Egypt’s government, as do liberal reformers who have become more vocal and move visible in calling for constitutional reform.

In Feb., 2005, Mubarak called for a constitutional amendment to permit the direct election of the president from among a multiparty slate, but the restrictions in the amendment on who might run prevent the contest from being open to all challengers. After passage by parliament, the amendment was approved (May) in a referendum whose results were denounced as fraudulent by the opposition. At the same time, however, the government was trying Ayman Nour, a leading opposition figure, on charges that his lawyers claimed were fabricated in an attempt to derail his presidential candidacy. In the election in September, Mubarak was reelected and Nour placed second. Observers said that the election was marred by irregularities but also that they would not have affected the result; the turnout was only 23% of the nation's voters. In the subsequent (November-December) parliamentary elections the government secured a more than two thirds of the seats, but candidates aligned with the Muslim Brotherhood won roughly a fifth of the seats a record number. The voting was marred by violence and intimidation that seemed clearly directed by the government at opposition voters.

In Dec., 2005, Nour was convicted on charges related to the forgery of signatures on electoral petitions, which most nongovernment observers regarded as improbable, and was sentenced to five years; he was released for health reasons in Feb., 2009.

In 2006 there was increasingly vocal public support for establishment of a truly independent judiciary, as protestors rallied in in May support of two judges who had called for reform and faced dismissal for having criticized the presidential election. the police violently suppressed the rallies, however, and the reforms that were passed in June were widely criticized as inadequate.

In Mar., 2007, a referendum approved amendments to the constitution, earlier approved by parliament, that were generally regarded as antidemocratic (one of the amendments replaced judicial supervision of elections with an electoral committee, another banned religious-based parties). The government claimed that roughly a quarter of the electorate voted, but several independent groups estimated the turnout at roughly 5%, and they and opposition groups accused the government of vote rigging. The following month Amnesty International accused Egypt of systematic human-rights abuses and as acting as an international center for abusive interrogation and prolonged detention in the "war on terror." Elections in June for seats in parliament's upper house, which the governing party handily won, were marred by police interference and vote rigging. Subsequently in 2007 the government launched a crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood.

The June, 2010, upper house elections were also marred by electoral abuses; nearly all the seats were won by the governing party. The 2010 upper house (June) and subsequent lower house (November–December) elections were also marred by electoral abuses and irregularities; most of the seats were won by the NDP, and nearly all opposition parties called for a boycott of the second round of the lower house elections.

In early 2011, young Egyptians, inspired by events in Tunisia that led to the ouster of its entrenched president, mounted massive nonviolent anti-Mubarak demonstrations, most prominently in Cairo but also in other cities. Over 18 days the protesters won the support of major opposition figures and groups while surviving a number of government moves against them, including violence that killed more than 800 people and injured several thousand. The army largely remained on the sidelines and, in the face of growing protests, finally forced Mubarak to resign.

Slow progress toward reforms and a new government—elections were ultimately scheduled for Nov., 2011–Feb., 2012—and concerns about the military government, led at times in the second half of 2011 to significant new protests in Cairo and other cities. In August, Mubarak was put on trial on charges of corruption and of ordering the killing of protesters. The elections for the lower house of parliament resulted in a significant victory for the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice party (FJP).

Mohamed Morsi, the Muslim Brotherhood candidate, was elected president after a runoff in late June, 2012. Before the runoff, however, the supreme court ruled that the newly elected parliament had to be dissolved because many members had been elected illegally, and the military government subsequently declared a new interim constitution that severely restricted the president's powers and reserved legislative powers to the military government until after a new parliament was elected. In July, President Morsi decreed that parliament be recalled, but the supreme court overturned his decree. In August a new government, consisting mainly of Islamists and technocrats, was appointed by Morsi. Morsi also ordered the retirement of Tantawi and the army chief of staff, ended the restriction on presidential powers, and assumed legislative powers.

In November a new presidential decree gave Morsi essentially unchecked power, sparking demonstrations against him by liberals and others who saw him as a new dictator and clashes between them and Morsi's supporters; parts of the decree were later rescinded.

Jan., 2013, was marked by violent protests, and the following month Morsi called for parliamentary elections in April. Meanwhile, the constitutional court rejected parts of the election law, and then the secular parties announced a boycott of the vote. In March, however, the elections were canceled as a result of a court decision that returned the election law to the constitutional court for review. In April, Islamists sought to force the retirement of older members of the judiciary, who were seen as opponents of Islamist rule; this led to new protests and tensions.

The constitutional court ruled in June that the interim parliament and the constitutional assembly had been illegally elected, but it left the constitution in effect. Massive demonstrations against Morsi in late June and early July, and clashes between Morsi opponents and supporters, led to a military ultimatum calling for the government and opposition to resolve the crisis; subsequently the president was ousted by the military.

Muslim Brotherhood supporters protested Morsi's overthrow, leading to recurring clashes with security forces; in August, hundreds died and several thousand were injured when two pro-Morsi protest camps were stormed. Muslim Brotherhood leaders were arrested and charged with inciting violence; the organization was later banned. Islamist militant attacks on security forces and on Coptic churches also increased in the aftermath of Morsi's ouster. A number of prodemocracy activists were also arrested and jailed. A new constitution, which drafted in Dec., 2013, and again preserved the military's powers and independence, was approved by voters in Jan., 2014; the turnout was somewhat larger (38.6%) but nearly all votes (98%) were in favor of the constitution.

In Mar., 2014, Sisi resigned from the army and the cabinet in order to run for president. He overwhelmingly won the May election against weak opposition, but many Islamists and liberal and secular activists boycotted the vote. In the delayed parliamentary elections, which were finally held in Oct. and Dec., 2015, individuals and parties aligned with the president won a significant majority of the seats; turnout was relatively low in both rounds.

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Arab Countries  Arab World: Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information. Resources to other Arab countries....

About Egypt

All Referer Earth & environment, history, literature & arts, people, places, plants & animals, religion, science & technology, sports & everyday life....

AME Info Geography, people, government, economy, communication, transportation

ArabInfo Overview, government, history, links

ArabNet Overview, history, geography, business, culture, government, transport, tour guide, links

Atlapedia Geography, climate, people, demography, religion, education, modern history, currency, other information....

BBC Country Profile Key facts, figures and dates

Britannica.Com Country info, land, people, economy, society, government, history, culture, maps, statistics, links....

CIA World Factbook Map, geography, people, government, economy, communications, transportation, military, issues

Country Reports Economy, defense, geography, government, people, anthem, map, news, weather, links....

Encarta OnLine Info, land & resources, population, economy, government, history, other related items, links....

Encyclopaedia of the Orient Geography, politics, economy, health, education, religion, people, history, anthem, cities....

Expedia Almanac, fast facts, communications, on business, health & safety, transportation, traveler's directory

Focus OnLine Egypt - The Land of Pharaohs. general info, regions, tourism, cuisine, music, maps....

Geographia.Com Exploring Egypt, location, geography, climate, history, culture

Info Please General info, map, geography, government, history, land & people....

Little Horus Kids Web Site - About Egypt today, where to go, history, Fun Corner Club

Love Egypt Egypt, its ancient history, prehistory, modern history, articles, tips, fantastic Videos and great music....

MidEast.Com Good info + Cairo, Alexandria, Aswan, Sharm El-Sheikh, Fayoum, Mersa Matrouh, Luxor, Minya

Nation By Nation Info, government, human rights, news, geography, history, people, links....

US Library of Congress Everything you ever wanted to know about Egypt....

World66 General info, cities, history, people, economy, getting around, getting there, links....

Cities, Towns, Municipalities & Places

El Gouna A resort town nestled between sienna mountains and azure waters of the Red Sea

Hurghada One of the best Egyptian tourist destinations

Matrouh Economic , tourist , historical and archaeological information, investment chances, businesmen services

Port Said Jewel of the Suez Canal

Red Sea Red Sea, Dangerous Animals, Snorkelling And Scuba, Underwater photography, Coral Reefs, Field Guide

Red Sea Governrate

Sinai History, culture, national parks, dive sites, life of the Red Sea....

Sinai Parks Friendly guide to Sinai and the Red Sea

South Sinai Governrate Long beaches, high mountains, natural protective areas....

St Katherine Monastery and the Sinai High Mountain Region - Origins, The Protectorate, Activities

Suez Canal An artificial waterway running north to south. Guide to Egypt

Suez Governrate A unique geographical position, civilian and military characteristics

Valley of the Kings Discover each tomb in the Valley

World Heritage Cities Islamic Cairo - Illustrates the Fatimid conception of urban planning

World Monuments Endangered sites: Khasekhemwy at Hierakonpolis, Edfu

World Monuments Endangered sites: Valley of the Kings, Thebes

World Monuments Endangered sites: Mortuary Temple of King Ahmenhotep III, Gurna

World Monuments Endangered sites: Sultan Al Muayyad Hospital, Cairo

World Monuments Endangered sites: Sultan Qu'itabay complex, Cairo

World Monuments Endangered sites: Valley of the Kings, Thebes

World Monuments Endangered sites: White and Red Monasteries, Sohag

Flag, Maps, Emblems and other information....

Cellular News Cellular coverage map, systems, frequencies....

Egyptian Stamps History, gallery, collectors' corner....

Ethnologue Languages

Flag Description, meaning, history, interesting facts

Flag Explanation, historical, military & political flags, subdivisions, national emblem....

World Atlas A brief description, fast facts, flag, landforms, maps, traveller info, weather

World Clock Local time, sunrise, sunset, GMT offset, daylight saving....

World Paper Money Paper currency since 1926

Business and Economy

Alexandria Business Association Provide networking opportunities, consolidate business and social ties

American Chamber of Commerce in Egypt The first, largest and most active American Chamber in the Middle East

Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Fact sheet, travel information, trade watch....

Bilateral Relations with Japan Diplomatic, investment, economic cooperation, residents....

British Egyptian Business Association (BEBA) Primary resource for members to achieve success in the business economy

Business Etiquette and Culture A guide for doing business ....

Chamber of Food Industries (CFI) Providing scientific research, advanced technical expertise and information

Cairo & Alexandria Stock Exchanges Statistics, contacts, FAQs, links....

Capital Market Authority (CMA) Responsible for securing a transparent and credible market for investors in Egypt

Egypt and the IMF Position in the fund, reports....

Egyptian Capital Market Association Advancement of the economy and providing investment opportunities to the public

Egyptian Capital Market Stocks Quotes Porfolio, mutual funds, useful info, broker directory....

Egyptian International Trade Point e-Business, e-Directory, staistics, facilities, trade info, list of industrial cities....

10th of Ramadan Trade Point >

Badr Trade Point >

Kafr El Shiekh Trade Point

Mansoura Trade Point

Egyptian Maritime Data Bank (EMDB) Info systems, services, Egyptian ports....

Export from Egypt Provides information and services relevant to exporting activities

Italian Chamber of Commerce – Egypt Promoting and developing commercial, industrial and other various forms of cooperation

MBendi Business information, news, industries, events

Middle East Regional Veterinary Information System Livestock & production data in Egypt

Misurata Chamber of Commerce & Industry (MCCI) To reach the objectives of local economic and social development....

Muslim Trade Network Trade reference directory and guide....

Ports Focus Ports, harbours, marinas....

Project Evaluation and MacroEconomic Analysis (PEMA) Conducting a systematic evaluation of foreign aid projects in Egypt

Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises A dynamic force for export development, sustained economic growth and job creation

US Department of Energy Analysis, information, oil, natural gas, coal, electricity....

US Department of State Country commercial guide 2001 (pdf)

US Department of State Country reports on economic policy and trade practices - 1999

World Bank Overview, news & events, data & statistics, publications & reports, development topics, projects & programs, Public Information Center

World Trade Organization - WTO Provides trade statistics, goods schedules, services schedules and MFN exemptions, trade policy reviews, dispute cases, and notifications

Banks

Central Bank of Egypt Formulating monetary , credit , & banking policy and supervising its implementation

Egyptian American Bank Offers a wide range of banking and financial services

Egyptian Saudi Finance Bank Its activities are in compliance with principles and rules of Islamic Sharia

National Bank of Egypt Building up expertise in many new products area....

Suez Canal Bank Participating in the capital of projects

Directories, Job Opportunities

Career Egypt Online recruiters

E-Dars The future of real estate

Egyptian International Trade Point Address

Egyptian Yellow Pages Alexandria & Cairo business directories

Egyway Online business directory

Internet Business Mall The online business directory for Egypt

Jobs in Egypt Create job alerts to receive jobs emails, search for candidates and view resumes

Nile Guide International Egyptian export & investment development program. Importers guide.

Investment & Promotion....

Economic Growth Program of USAID Strengthening the environment for trade and investment

Egyptian Exporters Association ExpoLink offers a set of marketing and technical assistance services to Egyptian exporters

Egyptian Franchise Development Association To encourage and promote entrepreneurship and business through franchising

Sama Marketing Business Exhibitions and conferences organizers in Egypt. Curent and future events,

Trade Egypt Importers, exporters, services, products, trade leads....

Art, Culture & Sport

Al-Mashriq - The Levant Cultural riches & gateway

The Townhouse Gallery Contemporary Egyptian and foreign art

Cairo Islamic Monuments The early Islamic period to Mohammed Ali Pasha

The Coptic Museum Ancient Egyptian Art during the Pharaonic and the Graeco-Roman periods on one hand and the Islamic era on the other

The Egyptian Castle Know a little bit more about Egypts's culture, music, movies....

Egyptian Heritage Splendors >

Egyptian Museum Masterpieces, restoration, pharaonic gods, pharaonic eras, games.... Alternative site

Egyptian Museum Alternative site

Graeco—Roman Museum Alexandria - . Offer an excellent introduction to the Greek and Roman art of Egypt

Guardian's Egypt For teachers, students, Egyptologists, and general Egypt enthusiasts

Islamic Art Museum Various collections from Egypt, Arab countries and other regions where Islam dominated

King Tut One Ancient Egypt Directory

Mohammed Mahmoud Khalil and his wife Museum Metal and glass work, ornaments, library, information centre and a lecture theatre

Mohammed Mahmoud Khalil and his wife Museum Alternative site

Museum Tours Virtual Egyptian museum

Nova OnLine Explore the pyramids of Egypt

Rigby's World of Egypt Take a tour of the country, a country rich in history and culture, find out about Egyptian antiquities

Art, Literature, Photography, Cinema....

Ahmed Khaled Artist working in mediums of painting and media art

Ahmed Othman Life Entitled Exhibition - Paintings

Essam Azouz Artist - experience in the field of fine arts, painting, drawing and graphic design

Fadia Badrawi Impressionistic and realistic paintings and drawings in oil, pastel, ink and mixed media

Nagui Paintings show a Middle Eastern and a south Mediterranean influence

Azza El-Wakeel Poet - Poems

Naguib Surur Author & poet. His work....

Angus McIntyre Photographs of old cities and tourist sites....

J. F. Maion Nomads'Land. Evocative landscape, adventure and travel photography

Marilyn Batte A Canadian photorealistic oil painter. Living in Cairo. Photographs of land, sea, river and desert scapes

Bill Hocker Photographs Photo Album - Egypt

Egypt Art Paintings, sculptures, ceramics, calligraphy....

Egyptian Cargo Galleries of authentic papyrus paintings....

Safar Khan Gallery A gallery showing modern & contemporary Egyptian fine art.

Travelogue Trip journal and photo galleries

Arab Film Distribution - Egypt Features a wide range of narrative films, documentaries, visual essays and ethnographic films

Cairo Film Festival Celebrating exceptional films from around the world

Internet Movie Database Movie & TV reports

Khaled Nabawy Actor - Biography, news and photos

Music, Song & Dance....

Al-Mashriq - The Levant Famous artists. Biography, music, songs, films, discography

The Stars of Egypt Biography of some famous dancers

Amr Diab News, biography, discography, photo gallery, media

Amr Diab World Biography, awards, music, videos, movies, photo gallery, events, the band, fan community

Karem Mahmoud The melodious knight of Egyptian music, biography and audio clips

Khaled Selim Singer, musician and actor. Biography,albums, video clips, movies, photo gallery, press releases,eEvents & news, awards - Official fans website

Leyla Mourad "Golden voice of over 1,200 songs and 28 films"

Mohammad Abdel Wahab The father of modern Egyptian song

Nour El-Houdda Girl with golden voice - Popular singer and actress

Sayed Darweesh One of those lightning trajectories in the history of music

Umm Kulthum The star of the east - The Diva of Arabic song

Cairo Opera House Profile, program, venues, companies, reservations....

Egyptian Dance Belly Dance - History, music, the souk, recipes, and of course, the dedicated women of this Art

Cultural, Scientific, Environmental, Health, Sporting Entities & Info

Egypt Exploration Society Explore, survey, and excavate at ancient sites in Egypt and Sudan

Egyptian Foundation for Promoting Art & Creativity Provide an opportunity for contemporary artists to develop their capabilities and talents

Kemet Quarterly magazine. Critical reviews on society, art, culture, language and religion, covering Pharaonic, Coptic and present day Egypt

Internet Society of Egypt Dedicated to promoting, managing, and facilitating the use of Internet in Egypt

Animal Info Threatened species, environmental and social data

AquaStat Information on quantity and quality of freshwater and its availability

El-Zahraa Stud Promotion and preservation of the pure Egyptian Arabians

Diabetes Egypt Portal for people with diabetes and quality of life

HealthNet Information about Egyptian healthcare organizations and professionals

Al-AhlyEgyptian national sporting club online

Al-Ahly News About the club, news, archives, forums....

Cairo Swimming Zone Activities, calendar, results, links

Egyptian Football Association News, competitions, national teams....

Egyptian Handball Federation News, achievments, competitions, national teams, calendar....

Egyptian Olympic Committee Federation, scientific center, museum, news, records

Egyptian Soccer Online magazine

Royal Valley Golf Club Luxur - The place where you play golf

Education

British International School Education based on British principles

Futures Schools A curriculum that provides students with essential career, academic and life skills

New Cairo British International School Primary education and National Curriculum (England and Wales)

St. Fatima School Provides knowledge and a student's guide to a better standard of learning

WorldWide Classroom University & adult education, K12 & teen....

Faculty of Pharmacy

Al-Azhar University A university in which taught different sciences, and religious & mental arts

Al-Minya University Agriculture, Engineering, Technology, Science

Alexandria University Academic specialization and professional education

American University of Cairo Advances the ideals of American liberal arts and professional education

Assiut University Encourage research, education and community services

Cairo University Offering its education and research facilities to Arab and foreign students and scientists

Faculty of Economics and Political Science

Faculty of Medicine Kasr Al-Ainy

Kasr El-Aini e-Library Databases, journals

German University in Cairo In cooperation with the State Universities of Ulm and Stuttgart

Helwan University Numerous faculties , specialization research centers and production units

Mansoura University Essential information about learning and other services rendered to the students of the University

Minufiya University Arts, Social Sciences, Law, Commerce, Agricultural, Computer Sciences, Engineering and Medicine

Misr International University Academic programs that integrate instruction, research and community service

Misr University for Science and Technology Offers degree programs in a variety of disciplines

Modern Sciences and Arts University (MSA) Engineering, Computer Science, Mass Communication, Management

Nile University Embodies the unique concept of hosting several international universities on one campus

October 6 University (O6U) Relying on practical study and training, including research classes

Tanta University One of the most distinguished universities concerning its different fields of specialization

Zagazig University Located in Sharkia Governorate

Acadamy of the Arabic Language

Arabic Language Center Learn Arabic

Drayah Language Center Learn the Arabic language and gain experience of the habits and traditions of the Egyptians

Institutions & Organizations

TATWEER Training company specializing in corporate training markets

Academy Of Scientific Research And Technology

Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI) Enhance the competitiveness through technological development and technology transfer

Egyptian Student Association in North America Aims at integrating the Egyptian scholarly community across the globe

Electronic Business Institute (EBI) Theory, application and practice for eBusiness and Management Development

Dive Point Red Sea Hurghada - PADI dive and training center

Higher Technological Institute A rich and balanced mix of theoretical Knowledge and intensive practical training

Information Technology Institute (ITI) Professional training programs and Information Technology courses

National Telecommunication Institute (NTI) Contributing to the development of new systems and applications

Red Sea Diving College Career development center which specializes in diver training

Sadat Acadamy Port Said

Virtual IT Institution (VITI) Interactive e-learning course modules and programs

Research, Resources, Libraries & Projects

Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI) Information about the institute and its ongoing activities

American Research Center in Egypt Conservation of Egyptian monuments through its special Egyptian Antiquities Project

Bibliotheca Alexandrina A library, specialized libraries, museums, research centers, exhibitions, art galleries, planetarium, Exploratorium and a conference center

Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC) Conducting research trails related to unfavorable climatic conditions

Central Laboratory for Agricultural Expert Systems Helping farmers optimize the use of resources and maximize food production

Egyptian Libraries Network Links automated libraries in Egypt via the Internet

Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) Collecting, organizing , analyzing agricultural information

Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) In the fields of production, exploration, refining, petrochemicals, product application, evaluation, process design

Egyptian Universities Network (EUN) Facilitate the communication between the Egyptian Universities and provide them with different resources of information

Maadi Library

Medical Student Guide A guide to first year in Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine

Mubarak Public Library A living reality that interacts with the public

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF) Research to cover food production, environment and pollution control and coastal protection

National Network for Scientific & Technical Information (ENSTINET) Databases and directories to assist the researchers

National Research Center (NRC) Conduct research in different fields of science and advanced technologies

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute Research programs to control, diagnosis and manage of urinary and hepatic schistosomiasis and other endemic diseases

Virtual Extension and Research Communication Network (VERCON) Linkages of the national agricultural knowledge and information system

History, Human Right & Politics

Ancient Egypt Here are the links to sites that feature all aspects of ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt Online The Quick Guide to Ancient Egypt - Pharaohs, Queens of Egypt, Hieroglyphics, Gods and Goddesses, Pyramids, Daily Life, Mummies....

BBC Timeline A chronology of key events

Cairo's Recollections Articles, photos and references dealing with 19th and 20th century aspects of a 1000 year old capital

Egyptology Examining the art, archaeology, religion and history of Egypt

National Geographic At the Tomb of Tutankhamen, Mysteries of Egypt....

The Pharaohs The whole ancient Egyptian history from the begining to the end

Political Geography Land and people, economy, government, history....

A Woman Called Egypt About a brief period in Cleopatra's youth when her actions affected the entire ancient world

World Statesmen Flags, chronology, rulers, governors, ministers, commissioners....

Human Rights, Politics & Political Parties....

Amnesty International News, reports, urgent action. Latest annual report....

Human Rights Watch Human rights developments & report

US Department of State Country reports on human rights practices

Ikhwan Online Moslem Brotherhood official website

Related Sites, Articles....

Constitution Background, history & news

Egyptian Armed Forces Commanders, branches, acadamies, museums, mines problem ....

Media

Akhbar El-Yom Daily newspaper

Al-Ahali Weekly magazine

Al-Ahram Daily newspaper

Al-Ahram Al-Arabi Weekly magazine

Al-Ahram Weekly Weekly English newspaper

Al-Alam El-Yom Daily newspaper - Economy

Al-Elm Monthly magazine - Scientific

Al-Gomhouria Daily newspaper

Al-Koura Weekly newspaper - Football

Al-Messa Daily newspaper

Al-Osboa Weekly magazine

Al-Shaab Daily newspaper

Al-Siyassa Al-Dawliya (International Political Jornal) Quarterly periodical specialized in political and international affairs

Amwague Eskandaria Monthly magazine - Cultural

Cairo Times Twice weekly magazine

Dar Al-Tahrir Assorment of daily, weekly and monthly magazines and newspapers. Foreign & evening editions....

Dar Akhbar El-Yom Assorment of daily, weekly and monthly magazines and newspapers. Politics, art, sport, cars....

Egypt Today Monthly newspaper....

Middle East Times Daily newspaper

OnLine News, Newsletters, News agencies....

Al-Gomhouria On-Line Daily newspaper - Electronic supplement

AllAfrica.Com News plus, news wire....

Cairo Live News, views & entertainment....

Car.Com Information about cars in Egypt online....

Egypt Daily Online news....

Egyptian Online news, polls + arabic poetry and literature....

Go News News, Almanac, downloads, quotes, useful links

Kemet The only cultural journal on Egypt in the German language

Tahrir Online news, poll, sport, social....

Washington Post News & references

Ya Balady National, Regional and International news, politics, science, sport, economy. culture, art, technolgy, health, medicine....

Yahoo full news coverage

Radio, TV, Internet....

InternetMisr Monthly update. Internet news, tips....

SU9BN History and background, photo album, Egyptian experiences!

Articles, Reports, Cartoons....

Government & Organizations, Corporations, Societies....

Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members

Political Leaders Dates and figures of the leadership since 1936 (with pictures)

Cabinet Information & Decision Support Centre - IDSC Observation of the local, regional, and international economic phenomena and events

Advanced Library Information System To meet the needs and requirements for the storage and retrieval of Arabic and English documents

Communication Department Technical support....

Computer Works Deposit Department Services, forms, specifications,

Directory of Libraries General, geographic....

Egyptian Libraries Network General and children search, current awareness, famous characters, famous librariies....

Government On-Line Services, ministries, important links....

Libraries Sector Consultancy services for the development of Egyptian libraries

The Universal Program for Gathering Leadership and Management Qualifications

Central Agency for Public Moblization and Statistics - CAPMAS Data and information required in all fields and activities in Egypt

Central Auditing Organization (CAO) Responsible for the Auditing process upon the public& private sector

Egypt State Information Service - SIS The latest information on various diverse topics about Egypt....

Egypt's Information Portal

Egyptian Geological Survey and Mining Authority To geologically map the whole country and to explore its mineral wealth

Egyptian Government Services portal

Egyptian Meteorological Authority

Egyptian Organization for Standardization (EOS) Matters related to standardization, quality control and metrology

Egyptian People's Assembly Majlis Al-Shura is the legislative power. history, provisions, functions, organs....

Egyptian People's Assembly The Parliment - Alternative site

Egyptian Presidency The President, Egypt profile, news desk, Abdeen palace, archives

Egyptian Sales Tax Department Offering information and services that will increase awareness of General Sales Tax

Government Online (Al-Hokoma) Services, ministries & contacts, ministries websites

Information Society Development Office Link the Egyptian community with regional and global IS communities

Ministry of Aministration Development Edara

Ministry of Al-Awqaf (Religious Affairs) Supreme council for Islamic affairs

Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation Preparing a strategy for agricultural development

Ministry of Communications & Information Technology To remain relevant in a rapidly changing technological landscape

Ministry of Economy To develop economic activities, and to encourage local, Arab and international investments

Ministry of Education Information for students, teachers and parents....

Ministry of Foreign Affairs Foreign policies, treaties, consular & press sections, about Egypt....

International Cooperation Sector Preparing and concluding investment guarantee agreements with foreign governments and organizations

Ministry of Health and Population

Ministry Of Manpower & Emigration

Emigration Sector To establish close links with individuals or groups abroad

Ministry of Planning GDP, investment, employment....

Ministry of Public Enterprise To enhance the efficiency of public enterprises

Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs Environmental protection and environmental development projects

Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation Services, projects, news, events, database....

Ministry of Youth Al=Shabab - Activities, achievments, statistics, services....

National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage (ENCID) Members are Governmental Engineers, Professors from Universities and Research Centers

National Council for Childhood and Motherhood (NCCM) Protection and development of children

National Council for Women An autonomous body responsible for the empowerment of the Egyptian women

National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health To prevent causes of accidents and health hazards

Shoura Assembly Senate, Parliamentary life history

Embassy of Egypt - London, UK Provide information on a range of subjects including information on the Egyptian-UK relations in political, economic, and cultural fields

Embassy of Egypt - Tokyo, Japan Information, politics, economy, history, culture, visa, consular affairs, what's new....

Egyptian Consulate General - San Francisco, USA Tourism, passports & immigration, civil & criminal affairs....

Egyptian Cultural & Educational Bureau Cultural contact between Egypt and Germany

Corporations, Organizations, Public Hospitals and Industrial Entities

EgyptAlum Represent a commitment to investment in the future

Telecom Egypt Electronic services, main sections....

Mokattam Surgery Center Supervised by Cairo University staff....

Victoria Hospital Alexendria....

Centers, Institutes, Societies, Unions....

Al-Mishkat Research Center Devoted to advancing knowledge on contemporary Egypt and Arab countries

Center for Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage Monitors the development of human heritage and represents a cultural heritage of national and international value

Cooperation and Development Association for Egyptian and European Youth (CDAEEY) To create and build educational and cultural grass-root channels

Coptic Evangelical Organization for Social Services To promote the sanctity, equity and harmony of life

Egyptian Businessmen's Association Providing world class information, comprehensive & maximized level of technical support

Egyptian Center for Economic Studies (ECES) Conducting and disseminating applied policy research

Egyptian Junior Business Association Committed to the development of a culture of Excellence, Ethics and Public service

Egyptian Medical Syndicate

Egyptian Orthopaedic Association Continuous medical education in orthopaedics and traumatology

Egyptian Pediatric Surgical Association Establishment of multicenteric studies

Egyption Radio and Telivision Union

Egyptian Society of Child Neuropsychiatry Children at risk, events, activities

Egyptian Society of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeons

Egyptian Society of Internal Medicine Concerned with the current progress in medical diagnosis and therapy

Future Generation Foundation Enhancing workforce performance through high quality, practical, human resources development activities

Human and Technology Development Foundation Promoting ethical and effective use of ICT to better serve humanity

Integrated Care Society Cultural & educational services, child care, social development....

National NGOs Center for Population and Development Provides information services to local NGOs

Social Fund for Development Channeling of additional public investments towards social services

Society for the Protection of Animal Rights, Egypt SPARE - highest priority is the overall prevention of cruelty to animals

Software Engineering Competence Center (SECC) Support the development of the software industry in Egypt

Union of Producers and Exporters of Horticultural Crops (UPEHC) Enhancement of the Egyptian horticultural industry

Union of Producers and Exporters of Horticultural Crops (UPEHC) Alternative site

Foreign Entities

British Embassy The Embassy offers consular, commercial and visa services to members of the public....

Delegation of the European Commission to Egypt To deepen the relationship between Egypt and the European Union

French Embassy Cultre, education, science, economy, technology....

Japanse Embassy Ambassador, press releases, events, relations, cultural centre, visas, what's new.... Information on Embassy in Cairo, its services, activities and ways to contact the Embassy

US Embassy US mission, consular services, latest news, US policy, journals, articles....

CARE International Promoting self-generated strategies and community resource mobilization....

US Committee for Refugees Reports on conditions for refugees and internally displaced persons

United Nations in Egypt UN system, development programs, events, documents, links

United Nations Development Programme To help the Egyptian government in its efforts to reduce poverty and to promote sustainable development policies

USAID Assistance to Egypt....

World Food Programme Fight against global hunger....

World Health Organization Tobacco & health, socio-economic situation

Travel & Tourism

Egypt Air Flight Schedule, Travel Advice....

Egypt Nile Cruises Cruise itineraries include land tours of legendary sites along the Nile River

Egypt Tours and Travel Land and cruise tour operator

Isis Travel Nile cruises, golf, cities & places, essentials....

Nile Boats River cruises , information , photos....

Royal Cleopatra Dahabia Charters Exploring the beautiful Wonders of Ancient Egypt by a traditional Egyptian Boat

Diving and Liveaboard

Al-Farouk Scuba diving liveaboard trips throughout the Red Sea region

Aquanaut Liveaboard Red Sea safaris and diving

Barakuda Diving Liveaboard vessels cruise from North to South and cover all the top spots of the Red Sea.

Blue Paradise Diving Center Day dives, night dives, diving safaris and snorkel trips

Blue Planet Liveaboards Opportunity to explore some of the more remote and pristine reefs thus avoiding the crowds

Blue Water Diving in the Red Sea - Hurghada

Capt. Moro A floating paradise that offer comfort, safety and ease of diving

Carpe Diem A maximum of 12 people are accomodated on board during diving or relaxing cruises

Colona Divers Diving and snorkelling the very best coral reefs in the world

Dive Point Red Sea Snorkelling, diving courses and diving - Hurghada

Dive Point Seven Scuba Diving & Snorkeling in the Red Sea

Divers International a wide variety of dive activities and special programs - Hurghada & Sharm El Sheikh

Diving Ocean Discover the magic of the Red Sea in Egypt: Come to dive with Diving Ocean in Marsa Alam or in Sharm el Sheikh

Divers Fleet Liveaboard and diving safaris in the entire Red Sea water paradise in Egypt

Diving World Liveaboard a luxurious hotel floating on the warm turquoise Red Sea

Emperor Divers Scuba Diving services across the Red Sea Riviera including liveaboard

Galalah Fleet Liveaboard diving and fishing

Golden Dolphin Safari World Liveaboard trips and discover a new face of diving day or night

Juliet Red Sea live-aboard, a big boat but she only caters for small groups which means more space

Sea Serpent Fleet The way liveaboards should be...

Sinai Divers Sharm El-Sheikh, the Red Sea, the desert, national parks....

Teate Liveaboards, Red Sea diving, island hopping, water sports and snorkeling

Tornado Marine Fleet Luxurious liveaboard offering Scuba diving safaris

VIP One Luxury in liveaboard diving

Travel, Tours, Guides.... More country info

Aegyptus Intertravel Off road expeditions, mountain trekking, sailing, bird watching, canooing, Jeep safaris....

Al-Musafer Guide, places, maps, weather, transport, tours....

All Sinai A guide for divers, sun fanatics, safarists and those that are interested in history or religion

Alternative Egypt Travel guide for the independent traveller

Amazon Tours & Holidays Programs with sightseeing and hotel accommodation, transportation, guide in Egypt with new services....

Arab African Tours About Egypt, programs & packages....

Asfour Travel Offers trips to regions like Cairo, Luxor, Aswan, Red Sea, Sinai, Western desert....

Beauty Egypt Traditional sightseeing, local culture tours....

Cairo Express Travel Red Sea hotels, Nile cruises and malls

Continental Tours Offers a wide variety of programs suited to the interests and budgets of each traveller

Cosmos Tours Full services for groups and individuals traveling to Egypt. Travel tips, about Egypt

Dabuka Expeditions Expeditions in the Desert of Northern Africa....

Discover Sinai Dahab, hotel, diving, riding, dancing, yoga, safari....

Egypt.Guide News, business, tourism, entertainment, education, life style, health, sport

Egypt Guidelines Egypt, Cairo, Aswan, Luxor, Alexandria travel guides, hotels, tours....

Egypt Nile Cruises Cruise ship information & itineraries, overland tour programs....

Egypt's Tourism Net Culture, maps & attractions, travel agencies, hotels, services guide....

Egyptian Connection Information about Egypt and how to make the most of your next trip

Five Star Travel Executing specially tailored itineraries that reveal all of what Egypt has to offer

GAT Tours Provide the most enjoyable and informative trips

Giftun Soul Surfers Wind surfing, fun & action at the beach - Hurghada

Go Egypt Great Tours To Egypt , Egypt History , Egypt Photos....

Festivals & Tours in Egypt Fairs and festivals that abound with festivity and colors

Hermes Group Egypt info, tours, hotels, photo gallery....

Just Egypt Egypt travel guide and tourist information, including Nile cruises and historic tours

Marsa Alam Popular with wind surfers, divers and sun worshippers

Min Travel Extensive travel services and tour packages....

Noga Tours 1 Your gateway to the Egyptian experience

ProCenter Tommy Friedl Wind & kite surfing - Hurghada

Redsea Desert Advetures Daily excursions and long safaris

Red Sea Guide Visitors' guide, desert safaris, scuba diving....

Road to Egypt Tours and travel, luxury hotels, Nile cruises, Aida opera, Giza Pyramids (USA based)

S.S. Tours See an Egypt no other agency can offer you

Safari Egypt Ancient Egyptian gods, pyramids, Nile cruises, travel, tourism....

Safari Travel Specialists in diving holidays, desert safaris and other aspects of tourism in Egypt

Scuba Travel - Diving In The Red Sea Warm water, astounding visibility, dramatic drop offs and a vast array of wrecks just add to the appeal

Sea Desert Tours Dedicated to maximizing the ease and comfort for travelers both within Libya , Egypt and Sudan

Sinai Adventures Diving, safari, trekking, events, flora and fauna guide, photo gallery....

Sinai Sharm All about Sharm El-Sheikh, Shopping, real estate, maps, events, advertising

Spring Tours A group of experts in the tourism world; Nile cruisers, safaris, aviation and events

Summit Tours Guarantees you a totally different kind of services

Ten Tours Providing visitors to Egypt affordable & personalized holidays

Tour Egypt Travel Guide Official site of the Egyptian Tourist Authority

Travel to Egypt Tours, Cities and Sights, Ancient Egypt, History, Pyramids, Pharaohs, and Pictures

Yalla Bina - Cairo Cafe Entertainment guide, what's on in Cairo & Alexandria., restaurants, movies, openings and cultural events

Adventures of Egypt Getting there & costs, safety & health, visa, climate, cities, holidays....

Africa Guide Introduction, visitor info, accommodation, tours....

Lonely Planet Travel information, maps, photos, background historical and cultural information

Middle East Travel Accommodation, history, after hours, travel info, addresses, cities & sights, business....

Travel Guide General & trave info, money, duty free, health, accommodation, visas....

World Travel Guide Travel information, regions & places....

Hotels, Resorts, Inns, Hostels....

Beausite Hotel Marsa Matrouh

Camel Dive Club & Hotel An ideal base from which to enjoy a holiday on the Red Sea Riviera

Four Seasons Hotel Cairo at The First Residence Views of the Great Pyramids over the old-growth canopy of Cairo’s ancient Zoological and Botanical Gardens

Four Seasons Hotel Cairo at Nile Plaza Commanding views of both the Nile and the Citadel

Pharoah Egypt Hotel In the heart of Giza - Cairo

The Ritz-Carlton Luxury Hotels Sharm El Sheikh

Rotana Hotels, Inns & Suites Al Arish, Sharm El-Sheikh

Semiramis Inter-Continental Cairo Located in the heart of the city, facing the River Nile

Hilton Hotels

Borg El Arab Resort Alex. / Matrouh Desert Rd

DAHAB South Sinai

Hurghada Plaza Gabal el Hareem, Main Street

Luxur New Karnak

Nile TAHRIR SQUARE, Cairo

Nuweiba Coral Resort South Sinai

Ramses Corniche El Nile, Cairo

Sharm Dreams Resort Naama Bay Sharm El Sheikh, South Sinai

Sharm El Sheikh Fayrouz Resort Main road

Sharm Waterfalls Resort Ras Um El-Sid Cliff, South Sinai

Taba Resort South Sinai

Hyatt Regency Hotels

Sharm El Sheikh Resort

Taba Heights

Marriott Hotels

JW Marriott Hotel Mirage City Cairo

Marriott Cairo Hotel

Marriott Hurghada Beach Resort

Marriott Sharm El Sheikh Beach Resort

Renaissance Alexandria Hotel

Marriott Taba

Moevinpick Hotels

Cairo-Heliopolis

Cairo-Media City

Cairo-Pyramids

El Alamein

El Gouna

El Quseir

Luxor

Nile Cruiser-Radamis I & II

Sharm El Sheikh Resort & casino

Sharm El Sheikh Golf & resort

Taba

Egypt Hotel Guide Hotels, tours, cruises, resturants....

Egypt Hotels Choose your hotel using criteria such as name of the hotel, number of stars and location

Hotels Egypt Cheapest rates on quality accommodation in Cairo and other cities

Entertainment

Le Pacha Originally a paddle boat, now one of Cairo's landmark dining and entertainment venues moored along the banks of the Nile along the Gezira Island

Jackie's Joint Fun pub and disco at the 5 star Nile Hilton Hotel

Peking Chinese Chain of Resaurants Branches, what's on, menu, horoscope

Health & Travel Tips

Foreign & Commonwealth Office Travel information, country advise, latest travel updates....

Travel Document Systems Passports, visas, travel documents

US Consular Information Warning, visa, security, health, crime/drug penalties....

Weather....

Tide Calendar Tide times, sunset, sunrise and global position

Weather Underground Temperature, humidity, pressure and conditions by city

Yahoo Weather By city. Forcast, sunrise, sunset, humidity, wind, dewpoint....

Gateways to Egypt

Egypt Search Categorized listing....

Egypt Tour Directories, shopping, cuisine, travel....

Egyptian Directory Categorized listing....

Egypt WWW The Egyptian web sites directory covering almost all fields and activities